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Angel gilding
Angel gilding is gilding glass or gold plating by electroless chemical deposition.
Gold chloride is dissolved in water, mixed with other chemicals and poured on clean glass that has been treated with stannous chloride.〔Schweig, Bruno ''Mirrors: A Guide to the Manufacture of Mirrors and Reflecting Surfaces'' Pelham Books London 1973 ISBN 0-7207-0643-2〕 The gold layer is delicate and usually translucent. To make an opaque, affordable and adherent mirror, a layer of silver is deposited over the gold.〔Swormstedt, Tod ''The Angel Gild – A lost technique is rediscovered'', Signs of the Times July 1988〕 Glass gilders use the term 'angel gilding' to distinguish the chemical process from gold leaf gilding also known as ''verre églomisé''.
== History ==
Justus von Liebig, widely credited with inventing the modern process for silvering glass, also worked on gilding glass with gold chloride. James Pratt, a British glass worker, was the first to realize that he could make affordable gold mirrors by depositing a layer of silver on top of the gold. He was granted a British patent in 1885.〔Schweig, Bruno ''Mirrors: A Guide to the Manufacture of Mirrors and Reflecting Surfaces'' Pelham Books London 1973 ISBN 0-7207-0643-2〕 Gold mirrors and gold mirrored signs were very popular in English public houses (pubs) in the late Victorian era〔Duthie, Arthur Louis ''Decorative Glass Processes'' 1911 republished in 1982 by Dover Publications for the Corning Museum of Glass ISBN 0-486-24270-6〕 and many wonderful examples of the art can be found all over Britain today. Felix Andres, a sign painter in San Francisco, introduced a process for spray gilding glass in 1923,〔Editor, ''Discovery in Glass Gilding – Something New,'' Signs of the Times, December 1923〕 but the fashion for elaborate detail in signs was changing to the modern neon style and his business was not successful.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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